I. Essay Questions : (2 x 15 = 30)
1. Describe the mammary gland and give its blood supply lymphatic drainage and applied anatomy.
2. Describe the relations, Blood supply and microscopic structure of duodenum.
II. Write Short notes on : (10 x 5 = 50)
1. Femoral sheath.
2. Subtalar joints.
3. Histology of spleen.
4. Development of urinary bladder.
5. Superficial perineal pouch.
6. Arteria profunda brachii.
7. Turners’s syndrome.
8. Lesser sac.
9. Popliteus muscle.
10. Dorsalis pedis artery.
III. Short Answer Questions : (10 x 2 = 20)
6. What is annular pancreas.
Annular Pancreas – is usually a band of pancreatic tissue that completely encircles the second portion of the duodenum, and may cause duodenal stenosis. Annular pancreas is a rare finding (~3/20,000 autopsies). Theoretically annular pancreas may occur embryonically when the ventral bud becomes fixed and fails to rotate. This hypothesis is supported by the usual finding of the duct encircling the pancreas from anterior to posterior around the right side to join the common bile duct. Other variants have also been seen. Annular pancreas is frequently observed in conjunction with other congenital defects including intestinal malrotation, cardiac defects, Meckel’s diverticuli, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. It is common in Down’s syndrome. The classic presentation is a vomiting infant with the characteristic ”double bubble” sign on radiographic imaging.
Inferior gluteal artery
Ascending branches of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Lumbar vertebra and hence passes just before the end of the spinal cord in adults.
The fundus of the gallbladder
The end of the spinal cord
The pancreatic body
The origin of the superior mesenteric artery from the abdominal aorta and termination of the superior mesenteric vein at the hepatic portal vein
The left and right colic flexure
1. Describe the mammary gland and give its blood supply lymphatic drainage and applied anatomy.
2. Describe the relations, Blood supply and microscopic structure of duodenum.
II. Write Short notes on : (10 x 5 = 50)
1. Femoral sheath.
2. Subtalar joints.
3. Histology of spleen.
4. Development of urinary bladder.
5. Superficial perineal pouch.
6. Arteria profunda brachii.
7. Turners’s syndrome.
8. Lesser sac.
9. Popliteus muscle.
10. Dorsalis pedis artery.
III. Short Answer Questions : (10 x 2 = 20)
1. Name the structures piercing clavi pectoral fascia.
Thoraco-acromial vessels
Cephalic vein
Lateral pectoral nerve
Thoraco-acromial vessels
Cephalic vein
Lateral pectoral nerve
2. Give the action of lumbrical muscle.
The lumbrical muscles, with the help of the interosseous muscles, simultaneously flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending both interphalangeal joints of the digit on which it inserts. The lumbricals are used during an upstroke in writing.
The lumbrical muscles, with the help of the interosseous muscles, simultaneously flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending both interphalangeal joints of the digit on which it inserts. The lumbricals are used during an upstroke in writing.
3. Name the structures deep to flexor retinaculum of hand.
Median nerve
Radial bursa
Ulnar bursa
Tendons of
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Median nerve
Radial bursa
Ulnar bursa
Tendons of
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
4. Give the boundaries of epiploic foramen.
Anterior: the free border of the lesser omentum, known as the hepatoduodenal ligament. This has two layers and within these layers are the common bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein. A useful mnemonic to remember these is DAVE: Duct, Artery, Vein, Epiploic foramen.
Posterior: the peritoneum covering the inferior vena cava
Superior: the peritoneum covering the caudate lobe of the liver
Inferior: the peritoneum covering the commencement of the duodenum and the hepatic artery, the latter passing forward below the foramen before ascending between the two layers of the lesser omentum.
left lateral: gastrosplenic ligament and splenorenal ligament
Anterior: the free border of the lesser omentum, known as the hepatoduodenal ligament. This has two layers and within these layers are the common bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein. A useful mnemonic to remember these is DAVE: Duct, Artery, Vein, Epiploic foramen.
Posterior: the peritoneum covering the inferior vena cava
Superior: the peritoneum covering the caudate lobe of the liver
Inferior: the peritoneum covering the commencement of the duodenum and the hepatic artery, the latter passing forward below the foramen before ascending between the two layers of the lesser omentum.
left lateral: gastrosplenic ligament and splenorenal ligament
5. Give the significance of Douglas pouch.
The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, rectovaginal, Ehrhardt-Cole Recess, cul-de-sac, cavum Douglasi or Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus in the female human body.As it is the furthest-most point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, it is a site where infection and fluids typically collect.The rectouterine pouch is used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch.
The rectouterine pouch (or rectouterine excavation, rectovaginal, Ehrhardt-Cole Recess, cul-de-sac, cavum Douglasi or Pouch of Douglas) is the extension of the peritoneal cavity between the rectum and the posterior wall of the uterus in the female human body.As it is the furthest-most point of the abdominopelvic cavity in women, it is a site where infection and fluids typically collect.The rectouterine pouch is used in the treatment of end-stage renal failure in patients who are treated by peritoneal dialysis. The tip of the dialysis catheter is placed into the deepest point of the pouch.
6. What is annular pancreas.
Annular Pancreas – is usually a band of pancreatic tissue that completely encircles the second portion of the duodenum, and may cause duodenal stenosis. Annular pancreas is a rare finding (~3/20,000 autopsies). Theoretically annular pancreas may occur embryonically when the ventral bud becomes fixed and fails to rotate. This hypothesis is supported by the usual finding of the duct encircling the pancreas from anterior to posterior around the right side to join the common bile duct. Other variants have also been seen. Annular pancreas is frequently observed in conjunction with other congenital defects including intestinal malrotation, cardiac defects, Meckel’s diverticuli, imperforate anus, and spinal defects. It is common in Down’s syndrome. The classic presentation is a vomiting infant with the characteristic ”double bubble” sign on radiographic imaging.
7. Name the branches of external iliac artery.
Inferior epigastric artery :: Goes upward to anastomose with superior epigastric artery (a branch of internal thoracic artery).
Deep circumflex iliac artery :: Goes laterally, travelling along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone.
Femoral artery Terminal branch :: When the external iliac artery passes posterior to the inguinal ligament, its name changes to femoral artery.
Inferior epigastric artery :: Goes upward to anastomose with superior epigastric artery (a branch of internal thoracic artery).
Deep circumflex iliac artery :: Goes laterally, travelling along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone.
Femoral artery Terminal branch :: When the external iliac artery passes posterior to the inguinal ligament, its name changes to femoral artery.
8. Name the structures piercing oblique popliteal ligament.
Middle Genicular Artery
Middle Genicular nerve
Genicular branch of Obturator nerve
Middle Genicular Artery
Middle Genicular nerve
Genicular branch of Obturator nerve
9. Name the arteries forming trochanteric anastamosis.
Inferior gluteal artery
Ascending branches of the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
10. Name the contents of subsartorial canal.
Lumbar vertebra and hence passes just before the end of the spinal cord in adults.
The fundus of the gallbladder
The end of the spinal cord
The pancreatic body
The origin of the superior mesenteric artery from the abdominal aorta and termination of the superior mesenteric vein at the hepatic portal vein
The left and right colic flexure
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